what is masonry mortar, types of masonry mortars

what is Mortar

Mortar is that the material utilized in masonry construction to fill the gaps between bricks and blocks utilized in construction. The mortar may be a mixture of sand, a binder like cement or lime, and water and is applied as a paste which is then hardened.
Mortar may be a practical paste that dries to bind building blocks like stone, brick, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal irregular gaps between them, and sometimes decorative colors for masonry walls or to feature a pattern. In its broadest sense, mortar includes pitch, asphalt and soft clay or clay, as used between clay bricks. The word "mortar" comes from the Latin mortarium, which suggests crushed.

Cement mortar hardens when it's cured, leading to a rigid composite structure; However, mortar acts as a weaker component than building blocks and as a sacrificial element in masonry, as mortar is simpler and fewer expensive than building blocks. Brick makers usually make mortar employing a mixture of sand, a binder, and water. the foremost common binder of the first 20th century is hydraulic cement , but the traditional binder lime mortar remains utilized in some special new construction. Lime, lime mortar and gypsum as plaster of Paris are used exclusively within the repair and re-construction of historic buildings and structures in order that the repaired materials are almost like the exhibits and original materials. Several sorts of cement mortar and additives exist.

types of masonry mortar

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Brick mortar

This type of mortar was utilized in the development of bricks and stones. The ratio of materials used for brick making or stone mortar is predicated on the binding material used.
Finishing mortar
Finishing mortar is employed for pointing and plastering work. it's also used for the architectural effects of the building to offer an aesthetic presentation. Mortar used for decorative finishes should have great strength, mobility and resistance to atmospheric actions like rain, wind, etc.

Cement mortar

Cement is employed as a binding material during this sort of mortar and sand is applied as an entire . The ratio of cement to sand is decided supported the required stability and dealing conditions.
Cement mortar will give high strength and resistance against water. The ratio of sand to cement are often 1: 2 to 1: 6.

Gypsum Mortar

Gypsum mortar consists of plaster and soft sand which collects binding material and fine. Typically, it's low durability in moist conditions.
Heavy mortar
If the mortar features a bulk density of 15 KN / m3 or more, it's called heavy mortar. Heavy quartz is typically used as an honest aggregate during this sort of mortar.

Lightweight mortar

If the mortar features a bulk density of but 15 KN / m3, it's called a light-weight mortar. Lightweight mortar is formed by mixing lime or cement with binder, sand and sawdust, rice husk, jute fibers, coir, or asbestos fiber.
Cider mortars are a spread of light-weight mortars. Lightweight mortar is usually utilized in proof and warmth proof construction.

Type M mortar

This highest strength mortar features a minimum of 17.2 MPa. it's used for outdoor earning work and on grade applications or less where considerable gravity or transparent loads are given. samples of load wall , footing, wall grade applications.

Chemical resistant mortar

It is commonly used where there's an opportunity of chemical attack on the molds. There are many sorts of chemical resistant mortars which will be made but the selection of mortar depends on the precise chemical or group of chemicals expected to cause damage.
The added fertilizers cannot resist all chemical attacks. for instance , silicate type chemical mortar resists nitric, chromic, sulfuric or any acid damage but it doesn't prevent the structure from being damaged by salts of any concentration.

Lime mortar

In this case, lime is employed because the binding material. There are two sorts of lime, fat lime and hydraulic lime. Lime mortar requires 2 to three times the sand for the fat lime and is employed for dry work.
Hydraulic lime and sand within the ratio of 1: 2 will give good leads to humid conditions and is additionally suitable for waterlogged areas.
Finally, the lime mortar features a high plasticity in order that it are often easily placed. The pyramids at Giza are plastered with lime mortar.

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